Albert Herring is a comic chamber opera in three acts by Benjamin Britten, his Op. 39. Written as a companion piece for his serious opera The Rape of Lucretia , the libretto, by Eric Crozier, was based on Guy de Maupassant's story Le Rosier de Madame Husson , but transposed entirely to an English setting. [1] The opera was premiered on 20 June 1947 in Glyndebourne, conducted by the composer. Albert Herring is in some ways reminiscent of the works of Gilbert and Sullivan and in some ways that of Richard Strauss. The text itself is genuinely funny, and there are myriad musical quotations within the score, as well as some complex forms within, despite the light subject matter. Like Peter Grimes and other works by Britten, this opera explores society's reaction to an odd individual, although, in this case at least, it is from a generally humorous and lighthearted perspective. [2] [3] Some of Britten's contemporaries saw in the title character a satirical self-portrait of the composer. [4]

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Roles

Role	Voice type	Premiere Cast, 20 June 1947 (Conductor: Benjamin Britten)
Lady Billows, an elderly autocrat	soprano	Joan Cross
Florence Pike, her housekeeper	contralto	Gladys Parr
Miss Wordsworth, a schoolteacher	soprano	Margaret Ritchie
Mr. Gedge, the vicar	baritone	William Parsons
Mr. Upfold, the mayor	tenor	Roy Ashton
Superintendent Budd	bass	Norman Lumsden [5]
Sid, a butcher's assistant	baritone	Frederick Sharp
Albert Herring, ''from the greengrocer's	tenor	Peter Pears
Nancy, from the bakery	mezzo-soprano	Nancy Evans [6]
Mrs. Herring, Albert's mother	mezzo-soprano	Betsy de la Porte
Emmie	soprano	Lesley Duff
Cis	soprano	Anne Sharp
Harry	treble	David Spenser

Synopsis

Act 1

Housekeeper Florence Pike is run ragged. Her mistress Lady Billows is organizing the annual May Day festival, and has gathered all the important people of the village to vet nominees for the coveted position of Queen of the May. But Florence has dug up dirt on every single girl nominated, proving that none is worthy to wear the May Queen's crown. Lady Billows is depressed. Superintendent Budd suggests that the solution may be to select, this year, a May King instead of a May Queen. He knows of a young man in town who is as certainly virginal as the girls are not: Albert Herring.

At the greengrocer's, Albert is teased for his timidity by the easygoing Sid. Sid's girlfriend Nancy comes in to do some shopping, and the couple shares a tender moment while Albert eats his heart out. The lovers leave, and Albert reflects on his miserable existence under his mother's thumb. The Festival Committee arrives with the news of his selection as May King. Mrs. Herring is thrilled, Albert less so. Mother and son quarrel, to the mocking commentary of the village children.

Act 2

It is the day of the festival. Sid and Nancy are preparing the banquet tent, and they take the chance to slip some rum into Albert's lemonade glass. Albert is tongue-tied at the feast in his honor, but drinks his lemonade greedily, which Britten satirically illustrates with a quote from Richard Wagner's Tristan und Isolde . ^[7] Together with his crown of flowers and the gruesome but improving Foxe's The Book of Martyrs , he is awarded twenty-five pounds in prize money.

That night, Albert arrives home alone, quite drunk. In the street, Sid keeps a date with Nancy, and the two discuss their sympathetic pity for Albert before going off together. This is finally the breaking point for Albert. He takes the prize money and heads out looking for adventure.

Act 3

The next morning Albert has not returned, and the village is in a panic. Superintendent Budd is leading a search, while the guilt-stricken Nancy tends to Mrs. Herring. A boy shouts that a "Big White Something" has been found in a well, and the village worthies file in to break the news en masse that Albert's crown of flowers has been discovered, crushed by a cart. Clearly, he is dead. A lengthy threnody of grief is interrupted by the surprise return of Albert. He thanks the Festival Committee for providing him with the cash for his night out. They, in turn, are outraged by his tale of drunken debauchery, and leave in a huff. Albert finally stands up to his mother, and invites the village kids into the shop to sample some complimentary fruit.

Recordings

Currently, there are five audio recordings of Albert Herring , with the following artists:

• Benjamin Britten, conductor; Peter Pears*, Joan Cross*, Gladys Parr*, Margaret Ritchie*, Otakar Kraus, Roy Ashton*, Norman Lumsden*, Denis Dowling, Nancy Evans*, Catherine Lawson, Anne Sharp*, Elisabeth Parry, Alan Thompson. *Members of the original cast. Live recording of a performance given by the English Opera Group, in the Theatre Royal, Copenhagen, on 15 September 1949 (Nimbus)
• Benjamin Britten, conductor; Peter Pears, Sheila Rex, Catherine Wilson, Joseph Ward, Johanna Peters, Edgar Evans, Sylvia Fisher, April Cantelo, Owen Brannigan, Sheila Amit, Anne Pashley, Stephen Terry, John Noble; English Chamber Orchestra (Decca / London)
• Steuart Bedford, conductor; Christopher Gillett, Josephine Barstow, Susan Gritton, Felicity Palmer, Della Jones, Stuart Kale, Gerald Finley, Robert Lloyd, Peter Savidge, Ann Taylor; Northern Sinfonia (formerly on Collins Classics, now on Naxos)
• Richard Hickox, conductor: James Gilchrist, Pamela Helen Stephen, Roderick Williams, Susan Bullock, Sally Burgess, Alan Opie, Stephen Richardson, Robert Tear, Rebecca Evans, Anne Collins, Yvette Bonner, Rebecca Bottone, Gregory Monk; City of London Sinfonia (Chandos)
• David Gilbert, Conductor; 1996 Manhattan School of Music Opera Theater Production with Christopher Pfund, Tara Venditti, Scott Bearden, Scott Altman, Nancy Maria Balach, Christina Sayers, Jon-Michael Tirado, Kirsten Dickerson, Lynette Binford, James Powell, Samuel Hepler, Barbara Kokolus, Jordan S. Rathus (VOX Classics)

References

1. Fiona Maddocks, "Queen for a day. And his name's Albert". ''The Observer'', 17 February 2002.
2. Michael Kennedy, "Herring stock soars". ''Telegraph'', 22 March 1997.
3. Andrew Clements, "Britten: Albert Herring; Gillett, Bedford et al.". ''The Guardian'', 7 February 2003.
4. Alfred Hickling, 'It's quite New Labour'. ''The Guardian'', 9 February 2002.
5. Dennis Barker, Obituary for Norman Lumsden. ''The Guardian'', 5 December 2001.
6. Tim McDonald, Obituary for Nancy Evans. ''The Guardian'', 24 August 2000.
7. Tom Service, "Albert Herring" (Glyndebourne review). ''The Guardian'', 22 October 2002.