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1.0 History

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Barnsley Wiki Information

Barnsley is a town in South Yorkshire, England. It lies on the River Dearne, north of the city of Sheffield, south of Leeds and west of Doncaster. Barnsley is surrounded by several smaller settlements which together form the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley, of which Barnsley is the largest and the administrative centre. The metropolitan borough had a population of 218,063 at the 2001 UK Census; Barnsley Urban Area had a population of 71,599. ^[1]

Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Barnsley is notable as a former industrial town centred on coal mining and glassmaking ^[2] although in the town a few factories remain notably the glassworks and coking plant. Though these industries demised in the 20th century, Barnsley's local culture remains rooted in this industrial heritage; Barnsley has a tradition of brass bands, originally created as social clubs for its mining communities.

In recent years, Barnsley has been referred to as the "Tarn" by many of its residents. Barnsley is also notorious for its strong accent. It is between junctions 36 and 38 of the M1 motorway and has a railway station served by the Hallam and Penistone Lines. Barnsley F.C. is the local football club.

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History

The first historical reference occurs in 1086 in the Domesday Book, in which it is called 'Berneslai' with a total population of around 200. The exact origins of the name Barnsley is still subject to debate, but Barnsley Council claims that its origins lie in the Saxon word Berne , for barn or storehouse, and Lay , for field.

The town lay in the parish of Silkstone and developed little until in the 1150s it was given to the monastery of St John, Pontefract. The monks decided to build a new town where three roads met: the Sheffield to Wakefield, Rotherham to Huddersfield and Cheshire to Doncaster routes. The Domesday village became known as "Old Barnsley", and a town grew up on the new site. ^[3]

The monks erected a chapel-of-ease dedicated to Saint Mary, which survived intact until 1820 , and established a market. In 1249, a Royal Charter was granted to Barnsley permitting it to hold a weekly market on Wednesdays and annual four-day fair at Michaelmas. By the 1290s, three annual fairs were held. The town became the main centre for the Staincross wapentake, but in the mid-sixteenth century still had only 600 inhabitants.

From the 17th century, Barnsley developed into a stop-off point on the route between Leeds, Wakefield, Sheffield and London. The traffic generated as a result of this location fuelled trade, with hostelries and related services also prospering. A principal centre for linen weaving during the 18th and 19th century, Barnsley grew into an important manufacturing town. Barnsley also has a long tradition of glass-making , but is most famous for its coalfields. George Orwell briefly mentions the town in The Road to Wigan Pier . Orwell spent a number of days in the town living in the houses of the working-class miners while researching for the book. He wrote very critically of the council's expenditure on the construction of Barnsley Town Hall and claimed that the money should have been spent on improving the housing and living conditions of the local miners.

Governance

Following the Local Government Act 1972, Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council took control of surrounding towns, villages and adopted them as part of Barnsley. This resulted in names such as 'Pennine Barnsley' being invented for the market town of Penistone (more than seven miles away) for promotional purposes. Other types of 'branding' are also employed to bring surrounding places into the Barnsley orbit, such as the use of the Barnsley coat of arms on street signs which are well beyond the boundaries of the town itself.

The municipal council elect the mayor every year. On the day of the election, a parade takes place in front of Barnsley Town Hall. The parade is in honour of the new mayor. The parade is served out by the local Sea Cadet Corps Unit, including Marine Cadet Detachment (TS Diomede), Air Training Corps Squadron (148 Barnsley Sqn) and the local army cadet company

Barnsley has three MPs: Eric Illsley for Barnsley Central, Michael Clapham for Barnsley West and Penistone and Jeff Ennis for Barnsley East and Mexborough. They are all members of the Labour Party.

Geography

Divisions and suburbs

Ardsley, Athersley, Birdwell, Bolton on Dearne, Brierley, Carlton, Cawthorne, Cubley, Cudworth, Cundy Cross, Darfield, Darton, Dodworth, Elsecar, Gawber, Gilroyd, Goldthorpe, Great Houghton, Grimethorpe, Hemingfield, Honeywell, Higham, High Hoyland, Hoyland, Hoyland Common, Hoylandswaine, Ingbirchworth, Jump, Kexborough, Kendray, Kingstone, Lundwood, Mapplewell, Monk Bretton, New Lodge, Oldtown, Penistone, Pilley, Pogmoor, Royston, Shafton, Silkstone Common, Silkstone, Smithies, Stainborough, Staincross, Stairfoot, Tankersley, Thurgoland, Thurlstone, Thurnscoe, Ward Green, Wilthorpe, Wombwell, Worsbrough Bridge, Worsbrough Common, Worsbrough Dale, Worsbrough Village

Economy

The town is known for coal mining, although most of the pits were actually in the surrounding villages, rather than in the town itself. The proportion employed in mining varied hugely, even before recent times ^[4]. "Barnsley Main" colliery was in the town, but was fairly small; it closed in 1991. All of the mines in the borough are now closed; Goldthorpe was the last to close in 1994. Wire, linen and glassmaking were also major industries, but only glassmaking remains, with two large companies still operating. The coat of arms for the town includes a coal miner and a glassblower. It is now moving towards a service economy. As of July 2007, unemployment stands at 2.8% in Barnsley West & Penistone, 4.2% in Barnsley Central and 4.0% in Barnsley East & Mexborough, compared to the national average of 3.1%. Since 1997, unemployment fell by 55.2%, 52.5% and 52.5% in the three areas respectively. ^[5]

The Western half of the Borough stretches from the M1 to the edge of the Peak District and is essentially rural in character. This Western part includes the Market Town of Penistone and some notable and remarkable places of interest, these include: Wentworth Castle and Gardens (Grade 1 listed gardens) ^[6], Cannon Hall Park and Museum ^[7], Cawthorne Jubilee Museum ^[8], Wortley Hall and Gardens ^[9], Wortley Top Forge (16th century Forge) ^[10].

In 2002, Barnsley Council and partners launched a major consultation exercise called "Rethinking Barnsley". This led to a regeneration programme centred on Barnsley Town Centre called "Remaking Barnsley" ^[11]. Developments include a new transport interchange, a new cultural centre in the old Civic Hall, a Digital Media Centre ^[12](opened August 2007), and new offices and apartments throughout the Town Centre. At the same time, housebuilding has taken off and major new housing areas have been developed. Business Parks on the M1 at Junctions 37 ^[13] and 36, and in the Dearne Valley, have also expanded the job opportunities locally. Unemployment is now below the national average but a large number of local people are on Incapacity Benefit. The economic development of Barnsley is led by the Barnsley Development Agency ^[14].

Significant industrial employers include the Ardagh Glass Group, Fosters Bakery and others.

Town centre

The main part of Barnsley town centre was constructed during the 1960s, and as with many other town centres, has become less aesthetically pleasing over time. The area around Cheapside and May Day Green, which is known as the metropolitan centre, is home to the market as well as many national high street chains such as Marks & Spencer, WH Smith, HMV, Carphone Warehouse, Vodafone, Boots, and The Body Shop. It is due to be demolished in 2009 to make way for a new retail and leisure development. The Mall Barnsley, which was opened in 1991, houses retailers such as Next, Primark and TK Maxx. Other prominent areas include Queen Street, where Marks and Spencer and stores such as Topshop, Wallis and Dorothy Perkins are located, Market Street, Eldon Street and The Arcade, which houses the majority of the independent and designer retailers in Barnsley. The town also has a large concentration of pubs and bars in the central district. The former Odeon cinema has recently been reopened as Parkway Cinema. In the market there is Old Barnsley and Dancerama.

Outside the town centre lie numerous large retail units, retail parks and supermarkets, which include Asda, Morrisons, PC World, Currys, MFI, Halfords, and B&Q.

Development work on the new shopping centre is due to start in the town centre in early 2009. Several stores such as Vodafone and Halifax Bank have opened new premises in town.

Development

Barnsley town centre is undergoing a period of change. Projects include:

The new Barnsley Interchange.
The digital media centre (now completed).
Gateway Plaza at Town End (now under construction).
The Markets complex which will house Barnsley Markets and be the centre of the towns retailing. It will be anchored by Debenhams.
Experience Barnsley - The creation of the Barnsley People's Museum and Archives Centre. This project has been awarded almost £3m of funding from the Heritage Lottery Fund, which means two floors of Barnsley's distinctive Town Hall will be transformed into state-of-the-art museum galleries, the first devoted to the borough's stories, past and present. This will be completed by July 2012.

Landmarks

Alhambra Centre
Barnsley College
Barnsley Town Hall and
Cannon Hall Museum, Park & Gardens
The Civic
Cooper Gallery
Gawber Parish Church
Houndhill
Locke Park
Oakwell Stadium football ground, home of Barnsley Football Club
Wentworth Castle & Gardens
John Rideal House
Pot House Hamlet
Barnsley Interchange

The first bottle bank for glass recycling collection in the United Kingdom was introduced by both Stanley Race CBE, then president of the Glass Manufacturers’ Federation and Ron England in Barnsley. According to a BBC Radio 4 edition of PM aired on 6 June 2007, and a web article, the bank opened in June 1977 ^[15] however a BBC web article published in 2002 states that the bottle bank opened on 24 August, 1977. ^[16]

Transport

The main focus of transport in Barnsley is the new Barnsley Interchange which opened to the public on Sunday 20 May 2007. The design has been entered for national and international awards. The interchange was the first project in the remaking Barnsley scheme to be completed.

Stagecoach in Yorkshire run most bus services within Barnsley, operating to and from the new Barnsley Interchange. Stagecoach acquired the company from Yorkshire Traction in 2005, and has come under fire for operating the service poorly. This is set to change as Stagecoach in Yorkshire overhauled bus services from 20 May 2007 in a bid to improve performance.

Train services are provided by Northern Rail. Services from between Sheffield and Leeds via Wakefield twice an hour, with one operating a 'fast' service to Leeds, and another service is operated to Huddersfield with a frequency of one per hour. There are three services to Sheffield each hour. A new hourly service to Nottingham Started in December 2008

The nearest airport is the Robin Hood Airport in Doncaster. This is some 40 minutes away and is easily accessible by car. There is also a direct bus service from Barnsley to the airport; the X19, which runs hourly.

Education

Barnsley has long suffered from less than average educational achievement when compared with the rest of the United Kingdom, but recent improvements in examination results have brought levels in line with the national average. Barnsley College is one of the largest further and higher education establishments in Europe and is situated on a number of sites throughout the town centre, chiefly the Old Mill Lane Site, Eastgate House, The Sci Tech Centre, the Honeywell Site and the Construction centre. The University of Huddersfield has recently opened a campus in the town on Church Street besides Barnsley Town Hall. This is known as the University Centre Barnsley.

It is the home of Barnsley Christian School, an independent fee paying school, which started is an outreach of Hope house Church in 1986.

All 14 secondary schools in Barnsley are soon to be updated and replaced by Academy education centres.

Notable people

Bryony Afferson (1983-present) Actress, star of T4 series 'Totally Frank'
Andrew Barton Celebrity Hairdresser
Mark Beevers (1989- present) Footballer, currently plays as a defender for Sheffield Wednesday F.C..
Stuart Bennett (1959-present) Professional Snooker Referee
Harold "Dickie" Bird (1933–present) Retired international cricket umpire
David Bradley (also known as Dai Bradley) Actor who played Billy Casper in Ken Loach's film Kes
Joseph Bramah (1748–1814) Inventor of, amongst other things, the flushing water closet, Bramah lock and the beer pump
Pete Brown, (born 1968), beer writer and columnist
Wilf Copping (1909-1980) Footballer who played for England 20 times.
Mark Crossley (1969-present) Former Nottingham Forest, Fulham & Sheffield Wednesday goalkeeper, currently playing for Oldham Athletic in Coca-Cola League One
Nick Crowe (1968-present) Artist
Shaun Dooley Actor
Kenny Doughty Actor
John Duttine (1949-present) Actor, currently plays Sgt George Miller in Heartbeat (TV series).
Leonard Knight Elmhirst (1893-1974) English Philanthropist
Air Marshal Sir Thomas Elmhirst (1895-1982) Commander-in-Chief Royal Indian Air Force, Lieutenant-Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Guernsey
Toby Foster Radio Sheffield presenter, standup comic and actor
Brian Glover (1934–1997) Actor
Darren Gough (1970–present) Cricketer
Brian Greenhoff (1953–present) Along with brother Jimmy, a former Manchester United and Leeds United footballer.
Jimmy Greenhoff (1946–present) Former Manchester United and Leeds United footballer.
Joanne Harris (1964–present) Author of chocolat
David Hirst (1967-present) Former England international footballer who famously played for Barnsley before joining local rivals Sheffield Wednesday
Simon Hirst (1976–present) Radio presenter, former host of hit40uk on commercial radio throughout the UK
Geoff Horsfield (1973-present) Professional footballer currently playing for Port Vale in Football League 2
Dorothy Hyman (1941-present) Sprinter
Graham Ibbeson Sculptor, artist, responsible for statue outside NUM Head Offices, Barnsley and Eric Morecambe statue, Morecambe
Ashley Jackson Artist
Kenneth 'Kipper' Jackson Local hero
Mark Jones (1933-1958) One of the eight Manchester United players to be killed in the Munich air disaster
Katherine Kelly (1980-present) Actress, plays Becky Granger in ITV soap opera Coronation Street
Davey Lawrence (1985-present) Ice Hockey Netminder playing for the Sheffield Steelers
Joseph Locke (1805–1860) civil engineer
Stephen Lodge (1952-present) a former Premier League referee, who retired from top-flight officiating at the end of the 2000-2001 season.
Mick McCarthy (1959-present) Ex-professional footballer and manager of the football club Wolves. Former manager of the Republic of Ireland national football team.
Ian McMillian (1956-present) The Bard of Barnsley
Baron Mason of Barnsley, (1924-present) Former Northern Ireland Secretary.
John Mayock (1970–present) former 1500m runner, member of Team GB.
CJ de Mooi Panelist on quiz show Eggheads.
Chris Morgan, football player. Morgan formally played for the town's football club but he now plays for Sheffield United.
Martyn Moxon (1960-present) Cricketer who played for Yorkshire and played in 10 test matches for England
Jenni Murray OBE (1950–present) Journalist and broadcaster, current presenter of 'Woman's Hour' on BBC Radio 4
Sam Nixon (1986–present) Came 3rd on Pop Idol 2003. Former catering student and ex-Holgate School pupil. Had a UK No. 1 hit with Mark Rhodes and their cover of With a Little Help from My Friends, originally performed by The Beatles. And co-host of Saturday morning BBC2 programme TMi with Mark Rhodes and Caroline Flack.
Jon Parkin (1981–present) Professional footballer, playing for Preston North End in the Championship and nicknamed 'The Beast'
Michael Parkinson (1935–present) British talk show host, journalist and television presenter
Stan Richards (1930–2005) Actor
Kate Rusby (1973–present) Folk singer
Saxon (band) Famous Heavy metal band which formed in, and has members from Barnsley. Hits include '747 (Strangers In The Night), 'And The Bands Played On', and 'Wheels Of Steel'.
Arthur Scargill Leader of National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) from 1981 to 2000. He founded the Socialist Labour Party in 1996 and is currently the party's leader.
Megan Sylvester Diver for Team GB, expected to dive in the London 2012 Olympics.
James Hudson Taylor (1832-1905) British Protestant Christian missionary to China, and founder of the China Inland Mission (CIM) (now OMF International).
Tommy Taylor (1932–1958) Professional footballer, one of the 'Busby Babes' (or Manchester United under the management of Sir Matt Busby) who was killed in the Munich air disaster
Obadiah Walker (1616–1699) Academic and Master of University College, Oxford from 1676 to 1688
Charlie Williams (1928–2006) Ex-professional footballer and stand-up comedian
Harry Worth Actor, comedian and ventriloquist.

Culture

English author Chris Roberts quips that the “small town” of Barnsley is “a couple hundred miles north of London geographically, but several time zones away culturally”. ^[17]

Barnsley is home to a proud tradition of brass bands, which were originally created as social clubs for the mining communities. Grimethorpe Colliery Band, located in the village of Grimethorpe, 5 miles to the east of Barnsley, is perhaps the best known brass band in Britain. It rose to fame in the film Brassed Off and is now the 'artist in residence' at the Royal College of Music, London. The band has performed in Hyde Park during the Last Night of the Proms.

The 'Bard of Barnsley' Ian McMillan writes a column in the local paper, the Barnsley Chronicle . He was recently nominated for a chair of poetry at Oxford University, and often appears on Radio 4. The Barnsley accent is starting to wear off amongst the younger generation, but it has generally been better maintained than most other Yorkshire accents. Some have started referring to Barnsley as Tarn .

Ken Loach's film Kes was set and filmed in severals villages in Barnsley, including Lundwood and Monk Bretton, using local actors such as Freddie Fletcher.

There is a live rock and hip hop music scene, which reached its height in the Britpop years, around 1997, due to its close proximity to Sheffield and Manchester. Barnsley metal band Saxon were famous in the 1980s and continue to be popular today. Two of the Arctic Monkeys studied music at Barnsley College and Barnsley has its own rappers 'Yes Sir'. Barnsley is the home of several live music venues such as The Arches Live where bands such as Fear driven have graced.

Barnsley Council operates three museums, Cannon Hall, the Cooper Gallery and Worsbrough Mill. There are plans for a fourth museum located within the town hall. The project to create this is known as Experience Barnsley. Other museums in Barnsley include the volunteer-run Darfield Museum and the Cawthorne Victoria Jubilee Museum. Other heritage sites include Wortley Top Forge, Wortley Hall, Wentworth Castle and Monk Bretton Priory.

The Lamproom Theatre has four theatrical companies, and showcases theatre in the Town Centre of Barnsley

The Academy Theatre is part of the Take 2 Centre where performances range from comedy, west end performers, musicals and the traditional "An Evening With.....". ^[18] The Take 2 Centre also includes a Recording Studio, Design And Print Studios, Theatre School, Music School.

The Civic, located in Barnsley Town Centre is a multi purpose performance venue. A grade II listed building, The Civic was re-opened in March 2009 after a major redevelopment. An extension has been added creating a light and airy environment containing Creative Workspaces, a visual art gallery and The Assembly Room. The assembly room retains an original plaster ceiling. ^[19]

Twin towns

Barnsley has two twin towns:

- Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
- Horlivka, Ukraine

Sport

Barnsley's resident football team, Barnsley F.C. play in the Championship of the English league. Their home ground is known as Oakwell Stadium, which is situated in Oakwell, just outside of the town centre. The club has had a mixed recent history. In the late 1990s they had a brief spell in the Premier League, but were relegated after just one season. Subsequent seasons saw them relegated to the third tier of English football. After 4 seasons, Barnsley finally regained their place in the Championship.

Speedway racing was staged at a track near Barnsley known as Barnsley Lundwood. The track entered a team in the Northern Leagues of 1929 and 1930.

As of 2009 the town has a rugby league team playing in the summer, Barnsley RL, based at the Shaw Lane sports facility. Barnsley RL recently finished the 2009 season 3rd in the league, only narrowly losing to nearby Upton ARLFC in play-off semi-finals. Barnsley RL played the entire season in bright pink kits, in support of Yorkshire Cancer Research. As of next year, the club will be known as Barnsley Broncos.