Walking with Dinosaurs was a six-part documentary television mini-series that was produced by the BBC, narrated by Kenneth Branagh, and first aired in the UK in 1999. The series was subsequently aired in North America on the Discovery Channel in 2000, with Branagh's voice replaced with that of Avery Brooks. It is the first entry of the Walking with... series and used computer-generated imagery and animatronics to recreate the life of the Mesozoic, showing dinosaurs in a way that previously had only been seen in feature films. The program's aim was to simulate the style of a nature documentary and therefore does not include "talking head" interviews. The series used paleontologists such as Peter Dodson, Peter Larson and James Farlow as advisors (their influence in the filming process can be seen in the documentary Walking with Dinosaurs - The Making Of ). The Guinness Book of World Records reported that the series was the most expensive documentary series per minute ever made.

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Episodes

Each episode of Walking with Dinosaurs focused on the lives of one or more "protagonists", depicting fictional and speculative events based mainly on inferences and the behavior of modern animals, produced in a style that mimicked traditional wildlife documentaries.

"New Blood"

The 1st episode filmed and broadcast. 220 million years ago — Late Triassic — Arizona

The episode followed a female Coelophysis as she tried to survive in the dry season. The Coelophysis was shown hunting a herd of Placerias , looking for weak members to prey upon. Early pterosaurs (specifically Peteinosaurus ) were also featured, depicted cooling themselves in what little water was present during the drought. A female rauisuchian (Postosuchus , one of the largest carnivores alive at the time of the Triassic) was also shown following the Placerias herd, and kills one of the members. Still searching for food, the Coelophysis are shown discovering a burrow of the small mammal-like cynodont, Unfortunately one youngster strays too close and is eaten, The father cynodont attempts to protect the youngster, but to no avail. At night, the pair of cynodonts are shown eating their remaining young, then moving away. The female Postosuchus is later shown to have been wounded by Placerias 's tusks (the wound is on her left thigh), and is beaten out of her territory by a rival male Postosuchus . Wounded, sick and without a territory, the female dies and is eaten by a pack of Coelophysis . Finally, the wet season comes again, and the Coelophysis have survived, along with the cynodont pair. The episode ends with the arrival of a herd of the prosauropod Plateosaurus , foreshadowing the future dominance of giant sauropod dinosaurs as depicted in the second episode.'''

• Coelophysis
• Placerias
• Cynodont (identified as Thrinaxodon in the encyclopedia)
• Postosuchus
• Peteinosaurus
• Plateosaurus
• Unidentified Metoposaur (in book)
• Unidentified Phytosaur (in book)
• Lungfish
• Dragonfly (live acted)

"Time of the Titans"

The 2nd episode to be filmed and broadcast. 152 million years ago — Late Jurassic — Colorado

This episode followed the life of a young female Diplodocus . After hatching at the forest edge, she and her siblings retreat to the safety of the denser trees. As they grow, they face many dangers, including predation by Ornitholestes and Allosaurus , and a Stegosaurus , which kills one while swinging its tail. Close to adulthood, the group of young Diplodocus are nearly all killed by a huge forest fire and fire storm that night, leaving three, then two survivors including the female. They are driven out onto the open plains, where they find a herd. The protagonist female mates, but not long afterwards is attacked by a bull Allosaurus. She is saved when another Diplodocus strikes the Allosaur with its tail.

• Diplodocus
• Allosaurus
• Ornitholestes
• Stegosaurus
• Brachiosaurus
• Anurognathus
• unidentified small ornithopods
• Coelurus (in book)
• Damselfly (live acted)
• Dung beetle (live acted)

"Cruel Sea"

The 3rd episode filmed and broadcast. 149 million years ago — Late Jurassic — Oxfordshire

The Ophthalmosaurus breeding ceremony is the main event of the episode, but sharks and other predators, including Liopleurodon are on the hunt. The opening portrays a Liopleurodon snatching a Eustreptospondylus from the land, but there is no evidence of this ever occurring (according to the producers, they were influenced by similar attacks by Killer Whales on land creatures). A pod of Opthalmosaurus arrive from the open ocean to birth. Many of the babies slip out successfully. But when one mother has trouble giving birth, a pair of sharks go after her, but are frightened off by a bull Liopleurodon , which swallows the front half of the Opthalmosaurus, leaving the remains to sink down. Meanwhile a Eustreptospondylus swims to an island. It discovers a carcass and must fight another Eustreptospondylus for it, though the fight really consists of them roaring at each other. In the end of the episode, a typhoon kills many Rhamphorhynchus , and washes the Liopleurodon ashore and he is then suffocated by his own weight and is eaten by a pair of Eustreptospondylus. The episode however ends on a more positive note, as it shows that the juvenile Ophthalmosaurus have survived the storm, and are now off to live and breed in the open sea - a promise of the next generations to come.

• Ophthalmosaurus
• Cryptoclidus
• Hybodus (identified as shark, revealed on website and in encyclopedia)
• Leptolepis (identified as fish, revealed in website, live-acted by herring)
• ''Rhamphorhynchus
• Eustreptospondylus
• Liopleurodon ^[1]
• Perisphinctes (identified as ammonite, revealed in book)
• Metriorhynchus (mentioned in book, identified as a marine Crocodile)
• horseshoe crabs (live acted)
• Jellyfish (live acted)
• Squid (live acted)
• Bark beetle (live acted)
• Unidentified turtle carcass

"Giant of the Skies"

The 4th episode filmed and broadcast. 127 million years ago — Early Cretaceous — Young Atlantic Ocean The story begins with a male Ornithocheirus dead on a beach. It then goes back 6 months to Brazil, where the Ornithocheirus flies off for Cantabria among a colony of Tapejara. He flies past a migrating column of Iguanodon and a Polacanthus. He reaches the southern tip of North America, where he is forced to shelter from a storm. To pass the time, he grooms himself, ridding his body of Saurophthirus. Then he sets off across the Atlantic, which was then only 300 kilometers wide and, after a whole day on the wing, reaches the westernmost of the European islands. He does not rest here, as a pack of Utahraptor are hunting Iguanodon. He flies to the outskirts of a forest, but is driven away by Iberomesornis. He reaches Cantabria, but was delayed by the storm and cannot reach the center of the many grounded male Ornithocheirus. Consequently, he does not mate and dies from exhaustion under the glaring Sun.

• Ornithocheirus .
• Iguanodon
• Utahraptor ^[2]
• Polacanthus
• Tapejara ^[3]
• Unidentified small pterosaur
• Iberomesornis (identified as bird, revealed on website, in book and encyclopedia)
• Pliosaur (identified as Plesiopleurodon on BBC website)
• Saurophthirus (identified as parasite, revealed on website and book)
• Fish (live acted)
• Wasp (live acted)

"Spirits of the Ice Forest"

^[4] The 5th episode filmed and broadcast. 106 million years ago — Mid Cretaceous, in the rift valley where Australia is beginning to separate from Antarctica.

This episode focuses upon a clan of Leaellynasaura as they struggle to survive in the south polar region over the course of a year. The small ornithopods are seen building nests, rearing their young, avoiding predators and defending their territory against a rival clan. During the long polar winter, they use their large eyes to forage in perpetual darkness. Other animals featured include migratory herds of Muttaburrasaurus , the giant amphibian Koolasuchus and predatory polar allosaurs, one of which dispatches the matriarch of the Leaellynasaura colony.

• Leaellynasaura
• Muttaburrasaurus
• Unidentified allosaur (identified as a polar allosaur, probably Australovenator ) ^[5]
• Koolasuchus
• Unidentified pterosaurs
• Steropodon (identified as mammal, revealed in website and book, live-acted by a coati)
• ''Nanatiornis (in book)
• Tuatara (live acted)
• Weta (live acted)
• Mosquito (live acted)

"Death of a Dynasty"

The 6th episode filmed and broadcast. 65 million years ago — Late Cretaceous — Montana

This episode starts several months before the extinction of the dinosaurs. The last dinosaurs are depicted living under stress due to excessive volcanism. The episode focuses on a female Tyrannosaurus who abandons her nest, the eggs rendered infertile due to volcanic poisoning. Her calls for a mate are answered by a smaller male whom, after repeated copulation, she eventually drives off. The mother fasts for an extended period as she tends to her nest, dealing with raids by dromaeosaurs and Didelphodons. Only three eggs hatch and the mother brings down an Anatotitan to feed herself and her brood. While defending her two surviving offspring several days later, the mother tyrannosaur is fatally injured by an Ankylosaurus . The chicks remain next to the carcass of their mother until they, and the rest of the non-avian dinosaurs, are killed when a comet slams into the Earth, a catastrophe that triggers the K-T extinction. A short final sequence shows the present-day Earth, dominated by large mammals, but still populated with numerous dinosaurs known as birds.

• Tyrannosaurus
• Anatotitan
• Torosaurus
• Ankylosaurus
• Dromaeosaurus (identified as dromaeosaur)
• Unidentified small ornithopods
• Didelphodon
• Quetzalcoatlus
• Deinosuchus (identified as crocodile)
• Dinilysia (identified as snake, live acted by a red-tailed boa)
• butterfly (live acted)
• Triceratops carcass
• Unidentified theropod carcass
• Unidentified mammal carcass

Companion book

A companion book was written by Tim Haines to accompany the first screening of the series in 1999. The settings of some of the six episodes were changed between the time the book was written and the screening of the television series, and some of their names were changed: 'New Blood' is set at Ghost Ranch; 'Cruel Sea' is set at or near Solnhofen in Germany near what then were the Vindelicisch Islands . The book elaborated on the background for each story, went further in explaining the science on which much of the program as based, and included descriptions of several animals not identified or featured in the series.

Critical reaction

In a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, voted on by industry professionals, Walking with Dinosaurs was placed 72nd.

The series won three Emmy Awards, including Best Animated Program (For More Than One Hour) and Adelphoi Ltd's ^[6] Outstanding Achievement in Non-Fiction Programming - Sound Editing. ^[7]

Censorship

In the initial U.S. broadcasts of the series, a few scenes were omitted from some of the episodes. The most notable deletions were a shot of the cynodont pair devouring their offspring, and a scene where a dead-in-shell Tyrannosaurus embryo is preyed upon by a pair of Didelphodon . The DVD and VHS contains the original UK broadcast, so the omitted scenes were restored.

Spin-offs

The popularity of Walking with Dinosaurs led to numerous spin-offs in various media.

BBC Walking with Dinosaurs Exhibition

The first exhibition to be based on the series was opened by HRH Queen Elizabeth II in 2000 at the Yorkshire Museum, York, UK.

'Walking with Dinosaurs - The Exhibition' was developed by museum curator Paul Howard and Dr Phil Manning. The exhibition featured replicas of many of the dinosaurs that appeared in the TV series, the scanning models (maquettes) used to create the animated stars of the show, the animatronic and puppet heads made for close-up shots, high-resolution large format printed graphics, extracts from the series and various interactives.

Targeted at family audiences, the travelling exhibition took a more in depth look at the science that informed the series and the technology that was used to create it.

BBC Walking with exhibitions based on sequels

The BBC Walking with Beasts Exhibition (2003) followed a similar format to the BBC Walking with Dinosaurs Exhibition and featured the full-size woolly mammoth from the series, along with replicas of gastornis, phorusrhacos, leptictidium, moeritherium, sabre tooth cat, woolly rhino, cro-magnon man and neanderthal.

BBC Sea Monsters : A Walking with Dinosaurs Exhibition opened at the Hancock Museum, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK in 2004. Developed by exhibitions company Tour-Ex under licence from BBC Worldwide, it featured replicas of giant orthocone, nothosaur, archelon, basilosaurus, coelacanth, giant squid and great white shark. Presenter Nigel Marven was digitally removed from extracts and stills in order to maintain scientific integrity and the established 'Walking with...' exhibition format.

BBC Ballad of Big Al : A Walking with Dinosaurs Exhibition (2005) was based on the special programme of the same name and followed its narrative.

BBC Walking with Prehistoric Life Exhibition (2008) combines the BBC Walking with Dinosaurs, Walking with Beasts, Sea Monsters and Ballad of Big Al exhibitions with additional content and exhibits from sequel series Walking with Monsters, Walking with Cavemen and special Land of Giants and Giant Claw.

Walking with Dinosaurs - The Arena Spectacular

Walking with Dinosaurs - The Live Experience , is a live adaptation of the series that originated in Australia in January 2007. The production won the 2007 THEA Award for Outstanding Achievement in Touring Event.

Artistic Director William May developed the creative vision of the show based on an original idea by entrepreneur Bruce Mactaggart to create an arena version of the Walking with Dinosaurs television series.

The show is directed by Scott Faris, a Broadway veteran. The creatures are designed and built by Sonny Tilders; the set and projected image design are by Peter England; the show's lighting is by John Rayment, the score is composed by James Brett; Warner Brown wrote the script. Tim Haines, creator and producer of the original BBC series serves as project consultant.

The dinosaurs featured are:

• Allosaurus
• Ankylosaurus
• Brachiosaurus
• Liliensternus (not seen in documentary)
• Plateosaurus
• Ornithocheirus
• Stegosaurus
• Torosaurus
• Tyrannosaurus
• Utahraptor

Encyclopedia

Tim Haines and Paul Chambers have also written a Walking With... encyclopedia known as The Complete Guide to Prehistoric Life , featuring most animals from the series, including the specials, and the accompanies like Walking with Monsters.

Prehistoric Planet

A child-oriented re-version of this series was released in America under the title Prehistoric Planet for the Discovery Kids Saturday morning line-up on NBC, with new narration read by Ben Stiller and Christian Slater over the same visuals. This version cut out the majority of the "violence" of the original.

The Walking with series

Because it was a big success, Tim Haines's direct follow-up in, what is known, the Walking with series . In 2001 the sequel Walking with Prehistoric Beasts , set in the Cenozoic era. This series featured extinct mammals and birds like Indricotherium and Gastornis . In 2005 the prequel Walking with Monsters , set primarily in the Paleozoic era, was produced.

Walking with Dinosaurs 2008

In 2008, BBC released a re-worked version of Walking with Dinosaurs series. The original 6 30-minute episodes were re-worked into 3 hour-long episodes, done in the style of When Dinosaurs Roamed America and Dinosaur Planet, which includes commentaries by various paleontology experts. It also includes some scene footage from When Dinosaurs Roamed America and Dinosaur Planet . The script itself changed little from the original series, though some scenes and plot lines, like the evolution of the birds were deleted, while others were altered ( Leallynasaura was no longer considered nocturnal, for example).

Specials

Chased By Dinosaurs , featuring Nigel Marven, stars Argentinosaurus and Therizinosaurus in two episodes in which Nigel tries to track down the biggest dinosaurs and the longest claws. The Ballad Of Big Al follows the life of an Allosaurus (inspired by evidence found on a single Allosaurus skeleton). Nigel returns in Sea Monsters Trilogy , trying to survive the seven most dangerous seas of all time and meet the dangerous sea predators of the past -- Cameroceras , Cymbospondylus , Dunkleosteus , Basilosaurus , Megalodon , Liopleurodon and Tylosaurus . Nigel also stars in the latest special: Prehistoric Park , six episodes in which he tries to collect Tyrannosaurus , Mammoth, Smilodon , Microraptor , Arthropleura , and Deinosuchus for a prehistoric zoo known as Prehistoric Park.

Film version

Made by Walt Disney Pictures and Impossible Pictures

Computer and arcade games

Dinosaur World is a free downloadable, Walking with Dinosaurs game available at the BBC website. ^[8]

Notes

1. The ''Liopleurodon'' is oversized at 25 metres (82 feet) long, and with a weight of 150 tons
2. ''Utahraptor'' is shown without feathers
3. The species depicted was undescribed in 1999 but has subsequently been described as ''Tapejara navigans'' .
4. The chapter was named Spirits of the Silent Forest in the book.
5. (In the American version of the narration the polar allosaur in the fifth episode is based on an isolated astragalus. Also in the American narration of the episode, the dwarf allosaur is referred to as a carnosaur instead, while the book identified it as a "polar allosaur", but identified as a dwarf allosaur in the book)
6. [1]
7. [1]
8. Dinosaur World ''Walking with Dinosaurs'' video game. Accessed August 13, 2008.

See also

• Paleoworld
• Dinosaur Planet (TV series)
• When Dinosaurs Roamed America
• Alien Planet
• The Future is Wild

Walking with Dinosaurs is part of a series of BBC documentaries that also include:

• Walking with Beasts (2001), depicting life after the dinosaurs
• Walking with Cavemen (2003)
• Walking with Monsters (2005), depicting life before the dinosaurs

The following are Walking With... series specials:

• The Ballad of Big Al (2000)
• Chased By Dinosaurs (2002)
• Sea Monsters (2003)
• Prehistoric Park (2006)

The following are similar programs, produced by the BBC:

• "Prehistoric America (film)" (2003)
• "Monsters We Met" (2004)