Stephen Gary "Woz" Wozniak
(born August 11, 1950 in San Jose, California) is an American computer engineer who founded Apple Computer, Inc. (now Apple Inc.) with Steve Jobs. His inventions and machines are credited with contributing significantly to the personal computer revolution of the 1970s. Wozniak created the Apple I and Apple II computers in the mid-1970s. The Apple II gained much popularity, eventually becoming one of the best selling personal computers of the 1970s and early 1980s.
Wozniak has several nicknames, including "The Woz", "Wonderful Wizard of Woz" and "iWoz" (a reference to the ubiquitous naming scheme for Apple products). "WoZ" (short for "Wheels of Zeus") is also the name of a company Wozniak founded. He is sometimes known as the "Other Steve" of Apple Computer, the better known Steve being co-founder Steve Jobs. He is of Polish descent.
|
STEVE WOZNIAK TICKETS
|
Apple Computer
Origins of Apple
In 1970, Wozniak had become friends with Steve Jobs, when Jobs had a summer job at the same business where Wozniak was working on a
mainframe computer.
[1] According to Wozniak's autobiography,
iWoz
, Jobs had the idea to sell the computer as a fully assembled
PC board. Wozniak, at first skeptical, was later convinced by Jobs that even if they were not successful they could at least say to their grandkids they had their own company. Together they sold some of their possessions (such as Wozniak's HP
scientific calculator and Jobs'
Volkswagen van), raised
USD$1,300, and assembled the first prototypes in Jobs' bedroom and later (when there was no space left) in Jobs' garage. Wozniak's apartment in San Jose was filled with monitors, electronic devices, and Wozniak had developed some computer games, similar to
SuperPong
but that had voice overs to the blips on the screen. Wozniak carried electronic devices with him often, and would entertain party goers with novel devices.
By 1975, Wozniak withdrew from the
University of California, Berkeley (he would later return to finish his
B.S. in
EECS, which he received in 1986 enrolled under the alias Steve Gary) and came up with the computer that eventually made him famous. However, he was largely working to impress other members of the
Palo Alto-based
Homebrew Computer Club, a local group of electronics hobbyists.
On April 1, 1976, Jobs and Wozniak formed
Apple Computer. Wozniak quit his job at
Hewlett-Packard and became the vice president in charge of research and development at Apple. Their first product, the
Apple I computer, was similar to the
Altair 8800, the first commercially available personal computer, except it had no provision for internal expansion cards. With the addition of these cards, the Altair could be attached to a computer terminal and could be programmed in
BASIC. The Apple I was purely a hobbyist machine, a $25
microprocessor (
MOS 6502) on a single-circuit board with 256 bytes of
ROM, 4K or 8K bytes of
RAM and a 40 character by 24 row display controller. It lacked a case, power supply, keyboard, or display, which had to be provided by the user. The Apple I was priced at $666.66. (Wozniak later said he had no idea about the correlation between the number and the
mark of the beast, and "I came up with [it] because I like repeating digits." It was $500 plus a 33% markup.) Jobs and Wozniak sold their first 100 computers to
Paul Terrell, who was starting a new computer shop, called the Byte Shop, in
Mountain View, California. Terrell bought just the circuit board for the Apple I; he had to supply the keyboard, monitor, transformer, and even the case in which to put the computer.
[2]
Wozniak could now focus full-time on fixing the shortcomings of the Apple I and adding new functionality. His new design was to retain the most important characteristics: simplicity and usability. Wozniak introduced high-resolution graphics in the
Apple II.
His computer could now display pictures instead of just letters: "I threw in high-res. It was only two chips. I didn't know if people would use it." By 1978, he had also designed an inexpensive
floppy-disk drive controller. He and
Randy Wigginton wrote a simple disk operating system and file system.
Shepardson Microsystems was contracted to build a simple command line interface for the disk operating system.
In addition to designing the hardware, Wozniak wrote most of the software initially provided with the Apple. He wrote a programming language interpreter, a set of virtual
16-bit processor instructions known as
SWEET 16, a
Breakout
game (which was also a reason to add sound to the computer), the code needed to control the disk drive, and more.
In 1980, Apple
went public and made Jobs and Wozniak multimillionaires. However, Jobs had refused to allow some employees of Apple to receive stock options, so Wozniak decided to share some of his
founder stock with the rest of the team by either giving them away for free or at a heavily discounted price. This was dubbed "The Woz Plan".
[3]
Aircraft accident
In February 1981, Steve Wozniak crashed his
Beechcraft Bonanza while taking off from
Santa Cruz Sky Park. The
NTSB investigation
[4] revealed that Wozniak did not have a "high performance" endorsement (making him legally unqualified to operate the airplane), and had a "lack of familiarity with [the] aircraft." The cause of the crash was determined to be a premature liftoff, followed by a stall and "mush" into a 12-foot embankment. As a result of the accident, he had
retrograde amnesia and temporary
anterograde amnesia. He had no recollection of the accident and, for a while, did not even know he had been involved in a crash. He also did not remember his hospital stays or the things he did after he was released: he followed his previous routine (except for flying), but could not recall what had happened. He would walk into rooms and forget why he was there and couldn't even remember which day it was. For example, he would go to work on Sunday, or stay home on a Wednesday, thinking it was the weekend.
He began to piece together clues from what people told him. He asked his girlfriend, Candice Clark (an early Apple employee who worked in the accounting department), whether he had been involved in an accident of some kind. When she told him about the event, his short-term memory was restored; Wozniak also credits Apple II
computer games for aiding him in restoring those "lost" memories. Wozniak and Clark got engaged later that year.
Ending employment with Apple
Wozniak did not immediately return to Apple after recovering from the crash. Instead, he married Clark and returned to UC Berkeley under the name "
Rocky Raccoon Clark" (Rocky was his dog's name and Clark his wife's maiden name), finally earning his undergraduate degree in 1986. In May 1982 and 1983, Wozniak also sponsored two
US Festivals to celebrate evolving technologies; they ended up as a technology exposition and a rock festival as a combination of music, computers, television and people.
In 1983 he decided to return to Apple product development, but he wanted no more of a role than that of an engineer and a motivational factor for the Apple workforce.
Wozniak permanently ended his full-time employment with Apple on February 6, 1987, 12 years after creating the company. He still remains an employee (and receives a paycheck)
[5] and is a shareholder.
[6] He also maintains connections with Steve Jobs.
Post-Apple career
Wozniak founded a new venture called
CL 9, which developed and brought the first
universal remote control to market in 1987.
Wozniak also taught fifth-grade students.
In 2001, Wozniak co-founded
Wheels of Zeus (note the
acronym, "WoZ"), to create wireless
GPS technology to "help everyday people find everyday things." In 2002, he joined the Board of Directors of
Ripcord Networks, Inc., joining
Ellen Hancock,
Gil Amelio, Mike Connor, and
Wheels of Zeus co-founder
Alex Fielding, all Apple alumni, in a new
telecommunications venture. Later the same year he joined the Board of Directors of
Danger, Inc., the maker of the
Hip Top (a.k.a. Side Kick from T-Mobile).
In 2006, Wheels of Zeus was closed, and Wozniak founded
Acquicor Technology, a
shell company for acquiring technology companies and developing them, with Apple alumni
Ellen Hancock and
Gil Amelio.
In September 2006, Wozniak published his autobiography,
iWoz: From Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It.
It was co-authored by writer Gina Smith.
In March 2006, Wozniak attended the
FIRST National Competition in Atlanta to show off
Lego robots.
[7]
In February 2009 Steve Wozniak joined
Fusion-io, a data storage and server company, in
Salt Lake City,
Utah as their chief scientist.
[8]
Philanthropy
Since leaving Apple, Wozniak has provided all the money, as well as a good amount of on-site technical support, for the technology program in his local school district.
Un.U.Son. (Unite Us In Song), an organization Wozniak formed to organize the two US Festivals, is now primarily tasked with supporting his educational and philanthropic projects.
[9] In 1986, Wozniak lent his name to the
Stephen G. Wozniak Achievement Awards
(referred to as
Wozzie Awards
), which he presented to six Bay Area high school and college students for their innovative use of computers in the fields of business, art and music.
Honors and awards
Wozniak received the
National Medal of Technology in 1985 from
Ronald Reagan, then
President of the United States In December 1989, he received an honorary Doctor of Engineering degree from the
University of Colorado at Boulder, where he studied in the late sixties.
[10] Later he donated funds to create the "Woz Lab" at the
University of Colorado at Boulder. In 1997, he was named a Fellow of the
Computer History Museum. Wozniak was a key contributor and benefactor to the
Children's Discovery Museum of San Jose (the street in front of the museum has been renamed Woz Way in his honor).
[11]
In September 2000, Wozniak was inducted into the
National Inventors Hall of Fame.
[12]
In December 2005, Wozniak was awarded an honorary Doctor of Engineering degree from
Kettering University, in
Flint,
Michigan.
[13]
He also received an honorary degree from
North Carolina State University,
Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and the Telluride Tech Festival Award of Technology.
Patents
Wozniak is listed as the sole inventor on the following patents:
- US Patent No. 4,136,359 - "Microcomputer for use with video display" [14] - for which he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.
- US Patent No. 4,210,959 - "Controller for magnetic disc, recorder, or the like"
- US Patent No. 4,217,604 - "Apparatus for digitally controlling pal color display"
- US Patent No. 4,278,972 - "Digitally-controlled color signal generation means for use with display"
Television appearances
After seeing her stand-up performance in Saratoga, California, Wozniak began dating comedienne
Kathy Griffin.
[15] Together, they attended the
2007 Emmy Awards,
[16] and he subsequently made many appearances on the fourth season of her show
Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List
. Woz is on the show as her date for the
Producers Guild of America award show. However, on a
June 19,
2008 appearance on
The Howard Stern Show
, Griffin confirmed that they are no longer dating and have decided to remain friends.
[17]
Wozniak portrays a parody of himself in the first episode of the television series
Code Monkeys
; he plays the owner of Gameavision before selling it to help fund Apple. He later appears again in the twelfth episode when he is in
Las Vegas at the annual Video Game Convention and sees Dave and Jerry. He also appears in a parody of the "Get a Mac" ads featured in the final episode of ''Code Monkeys
second season. Wozniak is also interviewed and featured in the documentary
Hackers Wanted'' and on BBC.
Wozniak competed on Season 8 of
Dancing With The Stars
in 2009
[18] [19]
where he danced with
Karina Smirnoff. Despite Wozniak and Smirnoff receiving 10 combined points from the three judges out of 30, the lowest score of the evening,
[20] he remained in the competition. He later posted on a
social networking site that he felt that the vote count was not legitimate and suggested that the
Dancing With The Stars
judges had lied about the vote count to keep him on the show.
[21] After being briefed on the method of judging and vote counting, he retracted and apologized for his statements.
[22] Despite suffering a pulled
hamstring and a fracture in his foot, Wozniak continued to compete,
[23] but was eliminated from the competition on March 31, with a score of 12 out for 30 for an
Argentine Tango.
[24]
Personal life
Wozniak lives in Los Gatos, California. He is a member of a
Segway Polo team, the Silicon Valley Aftershocks. In 2006, they were challenged to a game by the newly formed New Zealand Pole Blacks (the Woz Challenge Cup); the match ended in a 2-2 tie, with the Woz Challenge Cup staying in Auckland. In 2007, the Silicon Valley Aftershocks avenged the tie by defeating the Pole Blacks 5-0 in the Woz Challenge Cup finals. The 2008 Woz Challenge Cup was held at the SegwayFesT 2008 in Indianapolis, Indiana from 8 - 10 August 2008 (polo events ran 7 - 9 August 2008).
[25]
His favorite video game is
Tetris
.
[26] In the 1990s he submitted so many high scores for the game to
Nintendo Power
that they would no longer print his scores, so he started sending them in under the alphabetically reversed "Evets Kainzow".
[27]
He is also a sworn member of the Freemasons. Wozniak describes his impetus for joining the Freemasons as being able to spend more time with his wife at the time, Alice. Alice belonged to a group, Eastern Star, that did a lot of joint projects with the Masons. He says that although he took the necessary oaths and is a lifetime Freemason, he doesn't actually put a whole lot of stock in the mystical and religious overtones of the oath or the order. He says that he joined the Freemasons for one specific purpose, but he is very unlike the other members of the order. He says he quickly rose to a third degree Freemason because, whatever he does, he tries to do well. He was initiated in 1980 at Charity Lodge No. 362 in Campbell, CA.
[28]
He is married to Janet Hill.
[29] According to his ex-girlfriend Kathy Griffin, “He met someone very quickly and then they [got] engaged. I have had dinner with them, and she’s a thousand times more appropriate!”
[30]
In popular culture
- An aphorism attributed to Wozniak, "Never trust a computer you can't throw out a window," is quoted in the game Civilization IV
when players discover the "Computers" technology during single player games.
- In the movie Camp Nowhere,
Christopher Lloyd's character scams parents into sending their kids to a computer camp under the fake name of Dennis Wozniak.
- Steve Wozniak is the inspiration behind Eureka 7
character Woz the Whiz.
- Steve Wozniak was the original owner of fictional company Gameavison in Code Monkeys
.
See also
- Blue box
- iWoz
- an autobiography
- Pirates of Silicon Valley
- A movie based on the rise of Apple and Microsoft; Wozniak is portrayed by actor Joey Slotnick.
- Triumph of the Nerds
- A documentary about the rise of the PC industry by Robert X. Cringely.
References
- Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward
- Wozniak, S. G.; Smith, G. (2006), ''iWoz: From Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It.'' W. W. Norton & Company
- Dancing With The Woz, By Daniel Lyons, Published Mar 7, 2009, From the magazine issue dated Mar 16, 2009 from ''Newsweek''
- NTSB Identification: LAX81FA044, National Transportation Safety Board -- Aviation Accidents
- Letters-General Questions Answered, Woz.org
- Apple's ''Other'' Steve (Stock Research) March 2, 2000, Fool.com
- Weisman, Robert (2006-03-25). A star who aims to spark innovation by students., The Boston Globe.
- Wozniak Accepts Post at a Storage Start-Up New York Times February 4, 2009
- Wozniak, S. G.; Smith, G. (2006), ''iWoz: From Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It''. W. W. Norton & Company
- This Day in Apple History December 28, 1989: Woz Gets Honorary Doctorate, Dish Incident Forgotten
- maps.google.com
- Inventor Profile - National Inventors Hall of Fame
- Honorary Doctorate - Kettering University List of Honorary Degrees
- US Patent No. 4,136,359, US Patent & Trademark Office, Patent Full Text and Image Database
- VH1 Best Week Ever - Off The Market: Kathy Griffin Finds a New Man!
- Apple Co-Founder Steve Wozniak Escorted Comedian Kathy Griffin & Her Potty Mouth To The Emmy’s.
- Who’s so vain? June 19, 2008 - The Howard Stern Show
- "Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak to compete on 'Dancing With the Stars'" from ''Los Angeles Times''. Retrieved on 2009-02-8.
- Why Apple founders got 'fired up.'
- Results page, Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 8)
- Woz in ABC 'outright lie' accusation
- Wozniak sorry he called ‘Dancing’ show ‘fake’
- Injured Woz Will Perform People.com, March 23, 2009
- Woz Gets Hipchecked Off the Dance Floor, by Kara Swisher, April 1, 2009, All Things Digital
- International Segway Polo Association
- "Woz and I agree: 'Tetris' for the Gameboy is the best game ever, by Daniel Terdiman, December 11, 2007, Geek Gestalt on CNET News
- "Tetris: The pieces fall into place, By Brad Cook, Apple Inc
- [1] from ''"A Few Famous Masons"
- "Meet Janet Hill, the woman secretly married to Steve Wozniak" from ''ValleyWag.com''
- "Steve Wozniak Engaged", By Jamie on Aug 7, 2008, Spreadit.org