Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything
is a 2005 non-fiction book by University of Chicago economist Steven Levitt and New York Times
journalist Stephen J. Dubner. The book has been described as melding pop culture with economics. [1] s of }} 2008 [], it has sold over 3 million copies worldwide. [2]
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FREAKONOMICS TICKETS
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Overview
The book is a collection of economic articles written by Levitt, an expert who has already gained a reputation in
academia for applying economic theory to diverse subjects not usually covered by "traditional" economists; he does, however, accept the standard
neoclassical microeconomic model of
rational utility-maximization. In
Freakonomics
, Levitt and Dubner argue that economics is, at root, the study of incentives. The book's topics include:
- Chapter 1: Discovering cheating as applied to teachers and sumo wrestlers (See below)
- Chapter 2: Information control as applied to the Ku Klux Klan and real-estate agents
- Chapter 3: The economics of drug dealing, including the surprisingly low earnings and abject working conditions of crack cocaine dealers
- Chapter 4: The controversial role legalized abortion has played in reducing crime. (Levitt explored this topic in an earlier paper entitled "The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime.")
- Chapter 5: The negligible effects of good parenting on education
- Chapter 6: The socioeconomic patterns of naming children
One example of the authors' use of economic theory involves demonstrating the existence of cheating among
Sumo wrestlers. In a Sumo tournament, all wrestlers in the top division compete in 15 matches and face demotion if they do not win at least eight of them. The Sumo community is very close-knit, and the wrestlers at the top levels tend to know each other well. The authors looked at the final match, and considered the case of a wrestler with seven wins, seven losses, and one fight to go, fighting against an 8-6 wrestler. Statistically, the 7-7 wrestler should have a slightly below even chance, since the 8-6 wrestler is slightly better. However, the 7-7 wrestler actually wins around 80% of the time. Levitt uses this statistic and other data gleaned from Sumo wrestling matches, along with the effect that allegations of corruption have on match results, to conclude that those who already have 8 wins collude with those who are 7-7 and let them win, since they have already secured their position for the following tournament.
The authors attempt to demonstrate the power of
data mining. Many of their results emerge from Levitt's analysis of various databases, and asking the right questions. For example, cheating in the
Chicago school system is inferred from detailed analysis of students' answers to multiple choice questions. But first Levitt asks, "What would the pattern of answers look like if the teacher cheated?" The simple answer: difficult questions at the end of a section will be more correct than easy ones at the beginning.
Reappraisals
In Chapter 2 of
Freakonomics
, the authors wrote of their visit to folklorist
Stetson Kennedy's Florida home where the topic of Kennedy's investigations of the
Ku Klux Klan were discussed. However, in their
January 8,
2006 column in the
New York Times Magazine
, Dubner and Levitt wrote of questions about Stetson Kennedy's research ("Hoodwinked" pp 26-28) leading to the conclusion that Kennedy's research was at times embellished for effectiveness.
In the "Revised and Expanded Edition" this embellishment was noted and corrected:
"Several months after
Freakonomics
was first published, it was brought to our attention that this man's portrayal of his crusade, and various other Klan matters, was considerably overstated....we felt it was important to set straight the historical record." (pp. xiv, Revised Edition)
Publishing history and blog
Freakonomics
peaked at number two among
nonfiction on the
New York Times bestseller list and was named the 2006
Book Sense Book of the Year in the Adult Nonfiction category. The book received positive reviews from critics. The review aggregator
Metacritic reported the book had an average score of 67 out of 100, based on 16 reviews.
[3]
The success of the book has been partly attributed to the
blogosphere. In the campaign prior to the release of the book in April 2005, the publisher (
William Morrow and Company) chose to target
bloggers in an unusually strategical way, sending galley copies to over a hundred of them, as well as contracting two specialized
word of mouth (buzz marketing) agencies.
The authors started their own Freakonomics blog, which is "meant to keep the conversation going", in 2005. In May 2007, blogger
Melissa Lafsky was hired as a full time editor.
[4] In August 2007, the blog was incorporated into ''
The New York Times web site – the authors had been writing joint columns for
The New York Times Magazine'' since 2004 – and the domain freakonomics.com became a
redirect there.
[5] In March 2008, Annika Mengisen replaced Lafsky as the blog editor.
[6]
In 2006, the
Revised and Expanded Edition
of the book was published, with the most significant corrections in the second chapter (see above).
[7]
Planned sequel
In April 2007, co-author Stephen Dubner announced that there will be a sequel to
Freakonomics
. It will contain further writings about street gang culture from
Sudhir Venkatesh, as well as a study of the use of money by
capuchin monkeys.
[8] Dubner has said the title would be
Superfreakonomics
,
[9] and that one topic will be what makes people good at what they do. It is due in October of 2009.
[10]
Film Adaptation
A film version is in production for release in 2009.
[11] A number of directors are listed for the project including
Morgan Spurlock,
Heidi Ewing,
Alex Gibney,
Rachel Grady and
Eugene Jarecki.
References
- Rachel Deahl: Getting a Buzz On: How Publishers Are Turning Online to Market Books. The Book Standard, May 06, 2005
- Freakonomics - Opinion - New York Times Blog
- Freakonomics by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner: Reviews
- Please Welcome the First Editor of Freakonomics.com Freakonomics blog, 4 May 2007
- Moving Day. Freakonomics blog, 7 August 2007
- Stephen J. Dubner: Please welcome... Freakonomics blog, 17 March 2008
- Stephen J. Dubner: Freakonomics 2.0. Freakonomics blog, 20 September 2006
- 'Freakonomics writer talks monkey business', CNET news.com, April 19, 2007
- Freakonomics, economic hit men, undercover economists. This ain't Adam Smith.
- http://freakonomics.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/07/here-is-what-superfreakonomics-will-look-like/
- Freakonomics IMDB listing