By any means necessary is a translation of a phrase coined by the French intellectual Jean Paul Sartre in his play Dirty Hands. It entered the popular culture through a speech given by Malcolm X in the last year of his life. It is generally considered to leave open all available tactics for the desired ends, including violence; however, the “necessary” qualifier adds a caveat—if violence is not necessary, then presumably, it should not be used.

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Jean Paul Sartre

The phrase is translation of a sentence used in French intellectual Jean Paul Sartre's play Dirty Hands:

“	I was not the one to invent lies: they were created in a society divided by Social class	”

Malcom X

It entered the popular culture through a speech given by Malcolm X in the last year of his life. :

“	We declare our right on this earth to be a man, to be a human being, to be respected as a human being, to be given the rights of a human being in this society, on this earth, in this day, which we intend to bring into existence by any means necessary .	”

Mandela case

In the final scene of the 1992 movie Malcolm X , Nelson Mandela – recently released after 27 years of political imprisonment – appears as a schoolteacher in a Soweto classroom. ^{[3] [4]} Yet Mandela informed director Spike Lee that he could not utter the famous final phrase "by any means necessary " on camera fearing that the apartheid government would use it against him if he did. Lee obliged, and the final seconds of the film feature black-and-white footage of Malcolm X himself delivering the phrase.

References

1. NUMBER: 48220
2. By Any Means Necessary (Malcolm X Speeches & Writings)
3. Creme cameos
4. Framing Blackness: The African American Image in Film